A hysterectomy is a surgery to remove the uterus and is often used to treat various gynaecological conditions. The procedure is recommended for some early-stage cancers, as it is an effective way of treating the disease before it spreads.
If you are considering getting a hysterectomy after being diagnosed with an early stage uterine, cervical, or ovarian cancer, we’re here to help. The Rylon Clinic is a leading private gynaecology clinic in central London, with expertise in gynaecology, fertility, oncology, and women’s health. Our director and lead surgeon Mr Naji has extensive experience with hysterectomies including laparoscopic, abdominal and robotic hysterectomy.
We’ve compiled this guide to answer common questions about getting a hysterectomy and ensure you have the information you need to make an informed decision about your health.
Let’s explore what a hysterectomy involves and how it can be an effective treatment for early-stage cancer.
What is a hysterectomy?
A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the uterus. It is used to treat different medical conditions, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and as mentioned previously, certain types of cancer.
For gynaecological cancers, a hysterectomy helps by removing the cancerous tissues, which can prevent the spread and recurrence of cancer.
This surgery is commonly used to treat cancers of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, and ovaries.
Types of hysterectomy
A hysterectomy is recommended when cancer is localised and has not spread beyond the uterus or cervix. It is both a curative and preventive measure against cancer recurrence.
There are different types of hysterectomies based on the extent of the surgery:
Type | Description | Use |
Total Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus and cervix | Commonly used for uterine and cervical cancer to ensure all affected tissues are removed |
Radical Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus, cervix, part of the vagina, and surrounding tissues | Used for more advanced cancers to ensure all potentially affected areas are treated |
Some cancers may also require what is known as a salpingo-oophorectomy alongside a hysterectomy. This procedure involves removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes, which may be a necessary step depending on where the cancer is located.
At our one-stop clinic, if the cancer can be picked up early enough, then hysterectomy can be curative. This avoids the risk of needing a more advanced radical hysterectomy, which can come with some side effects.
Benefits of a hysterectomy for early-stage cancer
The prospect of getting a hysterectomy can be daunting, but in many cases, it leads to positive outcomes– especially if your cancer has been caught in the early stages. Here are some of the main reasons why your doctor might recommend this as the best treatment option.
1. Improved prognosis
Removing cancerous tissues can significantly improve the chances of a successful treatment outcome and long-term survival.
When the uterus and any surrounding affected tissues are surgically removed, it reduces the chance of cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body. This localised treatment approach can be crucial in eradicating the cancer entirely, leading to a better prognosis and increasing the likelihood of going into remission.
2. Quality of life
By addressing the cancer early, patients often experience a better quality of life with fewer symptoms and complications.
Early-stage cancer treatment can help alleviate symptoms such as pain, abnormal bleeding, and other discomforts associated with gynaecological cancers. Once these symptoms are managed or eliminated through surgery, patients can return to their daily activities and enjoy a more normal lifestyle.
Moreover, the peace of mind that comes from knowing the cancer has been treated effectively can also contribute to an improved overall sense of well-being.
3. Reduced recurrence risk
A hysterectomy can lower the risk of cancer returning by ensuring all affected tissues are removed. By surgically removing the uterus and possibly other reproductive organs, the primary site where cancer could reoccur is eliminated.
Though it may seem like a drastic measure, this helps to minimise the chance of cancer cells remaining in the body and developing into a new tumour. Consequently, this significantly reduces the risk of recurrence, offering patients greater confidence in their long-term health and reducing the need for additional treatments in the future.
Other considerations when getting a hysterectomy
While a hysterectomy has many benefits, it can also result in some changes to the body that you should be aware of. It is important to remember that despite these ‘downsides’, a hysterectomy is often the best choice for treating early-stage cancer and can lead to a healthier, cancer-free future.
1. Hormonal changes
Removing the uterus and possibly the ovaries can lead to hormonal changes, which may require hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
The ovaries produce hormones like oestrogen and progesterone, which regulate many functions in the body. If the ovaries are removed during the hysterectomy, the sudden drop in these hormones can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings.
However, these symptoms can often be managed effectively with HRT, which helps to balance hormone levels and alleviate discomfort. Your doctor will work closely with you to determine the best approach to manage these changes over the long term.
2. Fertility concerns
A hysterectomy will make it impossible to conceive naturally, which is a significant consideration for women who wish to have children. The removal of the uterus means that pregnancy is no longer possible.
For many women, this can be a difficult aspect to come to terms with. However, it is crucial to focus on the primary goal of the surgery– to treat and eliminate cancer, potentially saving your life.
For those who still wish to have children, there are alternative options such as surrogacy or adoption. Additionally, discussing fertility preservation options, like egg freezing, with your doctor before the surgery can provide some peace of mind. The priority is to ensure your long-term health and well-being, making it possible to explore other avenues for building a family in the future.
Getting a hysterectomy for early-stage cancer
Before the procedure
Before the surgery, you will have a thorough consultation with your doctor to discuss your symptoms, medical history, and overall health. This is an opportunity to ask any questions you may have about the procedure and what to expect. Your doctor will explain the benefits and risks of a hysterectomy and why it is recommended for your specific case.
To confirm the stage of cancer and plan the surgery, you will undergo several tests. These may include:
Imaging scans – Tests like ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs provide detailed images of your uterus and surrounding organs, helping to determine the extent of the cancer.
Biopsies – A biopsy, if required, involves taking a small sample of tissue from the uterus to examine it for cancer cells. This helps to confirm the diagnosis and the stage of cancer.
Blood tests – Blood tests can provide additional information about your overall health and detect any abnormalities that need to be addressed before surgery.
Surgery options for early stage cancer
The hysterectomy surgery can be performed in different ways, depending on the specifics of your case and the surgeon's recommendation. You may require a total or radical hysterectomy, and that may or may not include a salpingo-oophorectomy to remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes as well.
There are three main options for the surgery: laparoscopic, robotic, or abdominal. We’ve provided a breakdown of these below.
Laparoscopic hysterectomy
A laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses small incisions in the abdomen. A camera (laparoscope) and specialised surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions to remove the uterus. This method typically results in less pain and a faster recovery time compared to traditional surgery.
Similar to a laparoscopic hysterectomy, a robotic hysterectomy is performed using small incisions. However, this procedure is assisted by a robotic system that provides greater precision and control.
The surgeon operates the robotic arms from a console, allowing for more delicate and complex movements.
Abdominal hysterectomy
An abdominal hysterectomy involves a larger incision in the lower abdomen to remove the uterus. This method is usually chosen for more complex cases or when the uterus is particularly large.
While recovery time may be longer, this approach allows for direct access to the uterus and surrounding tissues.
Post-operative care
After surgery, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions for a smooth recovery. Post-operative care includes:
Rest – A hysterectomy is a major surgery, so do take it easy afterwards and allow your body to heal. Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks.
Pain management – Your doctor will prescribe pain medication to help manage any discomfort after the surgery. Be sure to take it as directed.
Wound care – Keep the incision sites clean and dry. Follow your doctor's advice on how to care for your wounds to prevent infection, and be alert to any changes.
Follow-up appointments – Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your doctor, who will be able to monitor your recovery and address any concerns.
Healthy lifestyle – Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and engage in light physical activity as recommended by your doctor to promote healing.
By carefully following these post-operative care instructions, you can support your recovery and return to your daily activities more quickly.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the recovery period like after a hysterectomy?
Recovery from a hysterectomy typically involves a hospital stay of a few days, depending on the type of surgery performed and your overall health. After being discharged, you will need to rest at home for several weeks to allow your body to heal.
During the recovery period, it is suggested that you avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities, take any prescribed medication (including painkillers) as directed, and keep your incision sites clean and dry to prevent infection.
Most patients can resume normal activities within 6 to 8 weeks.
If your ovaries are removed during the hysterectomy, you may need hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to manage hormonal changes. The ovaries produce essential hormones like oestrogen and progesterone, which regulate various bodily functions. Without these hormones, you might experience symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings.
HRT involves taking medications that replace these hormones, helping to alleviate these symptoms and maintain overall health. Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks of HRT with you and help determine the best course of action based on your individual needs.
Will having a hysterectomy for early-stage cancer affect my fertility?
Yes, a hysterectomy will make it impossible to become pregnant, as it involves the removal of the uterus. This is a significant consideration for women who wish to have children. If preserving fertility is important to you, it is crucial to discuss this with your doctor before the procedure. They can provide information on alternative treatments and fertility preservation options, such as egg freezing or embryo freezing, to help you explore other avenues for starting a family in the future.
Conclusion
Hysterectomy is a vital treatment for early-stage cancer, offering many benefits and improving the chances of a successful outcome. While there are some considerations to bear in mind, the advantages often outweigh the risks.
Whether you are considering a hysterectomy or seeking an accurate diagnosis of your health issues, we’re here to help. At the Rylon Clinic, we provide comprehensive care for women’s health, including expert treatment for gynaecological cancers. For those who are in London or willing to travel for an appointment, we have easily accessible locations in both Harley Street and The Shard.
Book an appointment with us today and take the first step towards better health.
Sources:
National Cancer Institute. (2024, March 27). Simple hysterectomy may expand treatment options for early-stage cervical cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2024/cervical-cancer-simple-hysterectomy.
Jo’s Cervical Cancer Trust. (n.d.). Hysterectomy. Retrieved from https://www.jostrust.org.uk/information/cervical-cancer/treatments/surgery/hysterectomy.
Brigham and Women's Hospital. (n.d.). Hysterectomy for cancer. Retrieved from https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medical-resources/hysterectomy-for-cancer.
Author: Mr Osama Naji
Mr Naji offers a “one-stop” gynaecology clinic for instant detection of various gynaecological cancers as well as providing all the diagnostic and treatment services needed under one roof.
Mr Naji provides advanced gynaecology scanning which is essential when conducting any gynaecology consultation, he is bilingual in English and Arabic and has an NHS base at the highly reputable Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital in London.
He is passionate about raising awareness of various subtle signs and symptoms of gynaecological conditions that are often overlooked by patients.
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